• Cortical processing and multimodal integration in the cat's somatic sensory system emerges as a unifying theme: intrinsic cortical neurons encode modality-specific and convergent inputs, with tactile, thermal, and gustatory stimuli co-activating single cortical cells in tongue projection areas [17], [9], [18].

• Subcortical relay organization and localization of sensory information: thalamic relay localization for tongue-derived sensory paths; ascending trigeminal fibers; and reticular influences on thalamic and cortical potentials evoked by tongue stimulation [16], [8], [15].

• Evoked potentials and DC-potential methodologies provide a common framework to study sensory processing across species, including extracranial responses to clicks, evoked cortical potentials with DC shifts, and motor-cortex activity under various stimulation paradigms [3], [7], [11], [5], [12].

• Olfactory pathway dynamics reveal characteristic on/off responses and state-dependent activity in olfactory structures, illustrating early sensory processing and modulation across wakefulness and sleep [2], [12].